India's dependence on foreign-controlled technology creates strategic exposure
Quick dive
- The article examines dependence on foreign-controlled satellite communications, cloud platforms, digital payments and military equipment.
- Only three NavIC satellites were reported capable of current positioning, navigation and timing signals, while four are needed for standalone positioning.
- AWS, Azure and Google Cloud support many Indian users, while MeghRaj combines government cloud with empanelled providers.
- UPI provides infrastructure-level independence from Visa and Mastercard, but foreign-owned interfaces remain part of the ecosystem.
- exam_relevance: tests NavIC, sovereign cloud, vendor lock-in, digital public infrastructure and technology sanctions through a single article-specific strategic-autonomy lens.
Full explanation
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