UPSC Previous Year Question | Prelims GS | 2026

Among the four main forms of existence of life recognized in Jainism, which one of the following is not included?

  1. Deva (gods)
  2. Yaksha (demi-gods)
  3. Manushya (humans)
  4. Tiryancha (animals and plants)

Answer

Correct Answer

Yaksha (demi-gods)

Explanation

Jainism recognizes four principal gatis or forms of existence: Deva (celestial beings), Manushya (humans), Tiryancha (animals, plants and other non-human life), and Naraki (hell beings). Yakshas are associated with the celestial realm but are not one of the four primary gatis.

Topics: ancient history, jainism, jain philosophy, religious traditions