Describe the various Technology Missions initiated in Indian agriculture and examine their role in food security. (150 words)

Technology missions apply science across the agricultural value chain—from seed and water to storage and markets—to raise productivity and reduce risk.

National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture promotes resilient practices; the National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm targets import dependence; horticulture missions support quality planting material and protected cultivation; the Digital Agriculture Mission, soil-health mapping, e-NAM, drones, remote sensing and micro-irrigation add data and precision. Krishi Vigyan Kendras and biotechnology programmes translate research into field adoption.

Higher yields, climate-resilient varieties, efficient irrigation and reduced post-harvest loss increase availability. Diversification improves nutrition and farmer income. However, fragmented holdings, digital divides, affordability and ecological risks can limit gains.

Local-language extension, interoperable data safeguards, FPOs, public research and outcome-based support are needed for inclusive technology-led food security.

economy; agriculture; agricultural policy; food security