Discuss the causes of depletion of mangroves and explain their importance in maintaining coastal ecology. (Answer in 150 words)

Mangroves are intertidal forests that connect terrestrial and marine ecosystems and provide unusually high ecological services.

Introduction

Mangroves are intertidal forests that connect terrestrial and marine ecosystems and provide unusually high ecological services.

Causes of depletion

• Conversion for aquaculture, ports, roads, tourism and urban expansion.
• Altered freshwater flows, dams, siltation, pollution and excessive extraction of fuelwood.
• Sea-level rise, cyclones and changing sediment regimes intensify natural stress.

Ecological importance

• Dense roots stabilise shores, trap sediment and reduce storm surges, erosion and tsunami impacts.
• They serve as nursery grounds for fish, prawns and molluscs, supporting coastal food security.
• High carbon storage in biomass and waterlogged soils makes them important blue-carbon sinks.
• They filter pollutants and sustain birds, reptiles and other biodiversity.

Conclusion

Community-led restoration, ecological zoning, minimum freshwater flows and strict compliance with coastal regulation are necessary for durable conservation.

mangroves; blue carbon; coastal protection; nursery grounds