El Niño is most directly associated with:

warming of the central/eastern tropical Pacific

El Niño involves anomalous warming of the central/eastern tropical Pacific and can alter global circulation and Indian rainfall. A describes the opposite thermal tendency. C is an overstatement. D is unrelated. A is incorrect: cooling of the central Pacific Ocean does not satisfy the stated fact or is a different institution/concept. C is incorrect: a permanent reversal of Earth’s winds does not satisfy the stated fact or is a different institution/concept. D is incorrect: formation of Himalayan glaciers does not satisfy the stated fact or is a different institution/concept.