Highlight the differences in the approach of Subhash Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi in the struggle for freedom. (200 words)

Bose and Gandhi shared the goal of independence but differed sharply over method, political tempo, organisation and the international context of anti-colonial struggle.

Approaches

• Gandhi relied on non-violence, mass satyagraha and moral pressure; Bose favoured disciplined revolutionary mobilisation and armed struggle.
• Gandhi preferred broad social reconciliation and gradual constructive work; Bose advocated immediate, centralised and industrially modern mobilisation.
• Gandhi opposed collaboration with fascist powers; Bose sought Axis assistance as a pragmatic means against Britain.

Shared nationalism

• Both rejected colonial legitimacy, mobilised Indians and emphasised sacrifice and discipline.
• The INA and Gandhian movements together deepened the crisis of British rule.

Keywords: ahimsa, satyagraha, INA, Forward Bloc, mass mobilisation, strategic international alliances.