India’s relations with Israel have, of late, acquired a depth and diversity, which cannot be rolled back. Discuss. (10) (150 words)

India-Israel ties have moved from cautious diplomacy to a broad partnership spanning security, technology, agriculture and innovation.

• Defence cooperation includes equipment, intelligence, counter-terrorism and homeland-security capabilities, shaped by shared concerns about terrorism.
• Agricultural cooperation uses Israeli drip irrigation, protected cultivation and Centres of Excellence for water-efficient farming.
• Trade, cyber security, space, start-ups, health and water management have expanded beyond a single strategic sector.

• High-level exchanges and institutional mechanisms have normalised the relationship, while India retains independent positions on Palestine and West Asia.
• The partnership complements, rather than replaces, ties with Arab states, Iran, Russia and the United States.
• Diversification, technology transfer, indigenous production and end-use safeguards should prevent excessive dependence.

India-Israel relations; defence cooperation; water technology; agriculture; West Asia