Introduce the concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI). How does AI help clinical diagnosis? Do you perceive any threat to privacy of the individual in the use of AI in healthcare? (150 words)

Concept

Artificial Intelligence refers to computational systems that learn patterns from data to perform tasks such as classification, prediction, language processing and decision support.

Clinical value

• Machine-learning models detect anomalies in radiographs, scans, pathology slides and retinal images.
• They support risk prediction, triage, personalised treatment, drug discovery and remote monitoring, improving speed and consistency.

Privacy threats

• Large health datasets can enable re-identification, unauthorised secondary use, surveillance or discriminatory profiling.
• Opaque models, insecure vendors and biased datasets can compromise autonomy, consent and fairness.

Safeguards

Use data minimisation, informed consent, anonymisation, encryption, audit trails, bias testing, human oversight and clear liability under a rights-based data-protection regime.

Keywords

machine learning; clinical decision support; consent; anonymisation; algorithmic bias