Mention the advantages of the cultivation of pulses because of which the year 2016 was declared as the International Year of Pulses by United Nations. (150 words, 10 marks)

Pulses are protein-rich leguminous crops with nutritional, ecological and livelihood value. The United Nations designation highlighted their contribution to sustainable food systems and the global fight against malnutrition.

• Pulses supply affordable plant protein, fibre, iron, folate and micronutrients, complementing cereal-based diets.
• They mature in diverse agro-climates, support smallholders and reduce dependence on costly animal protein.
• As relatively low-water crops, they improve dietary security under climate stress.

Rhizobium symbiosis fixes atmospheric nitrogen, reducing fertiliser requirements and improving soil fertility. Residues add organic matter, while inclusion in rotations interrupts pest cycles and can reduce erosion. Pulses generally have a lower greenhouse-gas and water footprint than livestock protein.

Promoting quality seed, extension, assured procurement, storage, processing and pulse-based public nutrition can align farmer income with sustainability. Their value is greatest when local varieties and regional water conditions guide crop choice.

Keywords: food security, pulses, soil fertility