Mob violence is emerging as a serious law and order problem in India. By giving suitable example, analyze the causes and consequences of such violence. (15 Marks)

Mob violence is collective physical coercion by a crowd, often fuelled by rumours, identity polarisation and perceived impunity; it challenges rule of law and social trust.

Causes

• Rumours and manipulated content spread rapidly through social media and messaging platforms.
• Communal, caste, ethnic and ideological polarisation converts grievance into group hostility.
• Slow justice, weak police presence, political patronage and vigilante narratives create impunity.
• Economic insecurity and distrust in formal institutions make extra-legal action appear legitimate.

Consequences

• Deaths, injuries, destruction of property and displacement; examples include lynching episodes triggered by rumours of child lifting or cattle transport.
• Fear, ghettoisation, retaliation and erosion of constitutional equality and due process.
• Investment, livelihoods and policing are harmed, while online hate normalises violence.

Response

Use accountable policing, rapid rumor control, platform cooperation, victim protection, prosecution of instigators and community dialogue without compromising free expression.

Keywords: law and order; mob violence; social media and misinformation.