UPSC | Prelims GS | 2026

Pattanam, discussed in the newspaper, is significant for ancient Indian history primarily because its archaeological evidence indicates:

  1. A connected maritime settlement linked to networks across the Indian Ocean and beyond
  2. An exclusively inland agrarian settlement with no overseas contacts
  3. A site that has been conclusively identified as the entire ancient port of Muziris
  4. A settlement dating only to the medieval period

Answer

Correct Answer

A connected maritime settlement linked to networks across the Indian Ocean and beyond

Explanation

Option A is correct: structures, imported materials, workshops and a harbour complex point to Pattanam's place in a wide maritime network. Option B contradicts the evidence of overseas goods and contacts. Option C overstates the conclusion because identifying all of Muziris with present-day Pattanam remains open. Option D is wrong because the principal evidence broadly dates to 300 BCE-300 CE.

Topics: ancient india, history, maritime archaeology, pattanam and muziris