Terrorism is a global scourge. How has it manifested in India? Elaborate with contemporary examples. What are the counter measures adopted by the State? Explain. (Answer in 150 words)

Introduction

Terrorism uses violence and fear for political or ideological ends, targeting civilians, institutions and critical infrastructure.

Manifestations in India

• Cross-border infiltration and attacks in Jammu and Kashmir, including attacks on civilians and security personnel.
• Left Wing Extremist violence against state infrastructure and local communities in affected districts.
• Radicalised modules, lone actors, online propaganda, terror financing and drone-based arms or narcotics delivery.
• Urban networks and attacks on transport, markets or symbolic sites create disproportionate social fear.

State response

• Intelligence fusion, NIA investigation, UAPA action, border fencing, surveillance and specialised forces.
• Financial Intelligence Unit measures, terror-finance disruption and international cooperation through FATF channels.
• Police modernisation, coastal security, cyber monitoring and community intelligence.
• Development, de-radicalisation, rehabilitation and calibrated use of force address enabling conditions while protecting due process.

Keywords: radicalisation, terror financing, intelligence fusion, UAPA, border management, resilience.