UPSC | Prelims GS | 2026

The CREAMS protocol referred to in relation to measuring stubble burning relies primarily on observations from which type of satellites?

  1. Polar-orbiting satellites using MODIS and VIIRS observations
  2. Geostationary satellites positioned only over the poles
  3. Navigation satellites measuring crop-residue moisture
  4. Submarine satellites mapping groundwater aquifers

Answer

Correct Answer

Polar-orbiting satellites using MODIS and VIIRS observations

Explanation

The CREAMS protocol uses NASA’s MODIS and VIIRS sensors on polar-orbiting satellites to detect active fires at particular observation times. Geostationary satellites do not orbit over the poles, and navigation satellites are designed for positioning. Submarine satellites are not a recognised Earth-observation category.

Topics: creams and stubble fires, remote sensing, satellite observation, science and technology