UPSC Previous Year Question | Prelims GS | 2026

Which of the following best explain(s) the rationale for protecting mangrove ecosystems in the context of climate resilience? 1. Mangroves reduce tidal energy and store freshwater, making them ideal sites for paddy cultivation in saline estuarine belts. 2. Their salt-sensitive roots filter seawater, making mangroves key to converting coastal land into freshwater aquaculture zones. 3. By withstanding tidal surges and offering biomass resources, mangroves function both as natural bio-shields and livelihood bases for rural communities. Select the answer using the code given below:

  1. 1 only
  2. 1 and 2
  3. 2 and 3
  4. 3 only

Answer

Correct Answer

3 only

Explanation

Mangroves act as natural coastal barriers by reducing the impact of waves, storm surges and tidal forces. They also support fisheries, forestry and other livelihood activities for coastal communities. Statement 1 is incorrect because mangroves do not store freshwater in the manner described and their conversion into paddy fields is not a rationale for their protection. Statement 2 is also incorrect because mangrove roots are adapted to saline conditions but do not filter seawater in a manner that converts coastal areas into freshwater aquaculture zones.

Topics: climate resilience, coastal ecosystems, environment, mangrove ecosystems