Why is India taking keen interest in the Arctic region? (Answer in 150 words)

The Arctic is a climate-sensitive, resource-rich and strategically transforming region. India’s interest reflects the convergence of science, climate security, energy, connectivity and geopolitics.

Drivers of interest

• Rapid warming affects monsoon behaviour, sea-level rise, Himalayan systems and Indian agriculture, making Arctic research nationally relevant.
• Hydrocarbons, minerals and emerging sea routes may diversify energy and trade options, subject to environmental safeguards.
• India’s polar research through Himadri and scientific partnerships supports glaciology, oceanography and climate modelling.
• Arctic governance has implications for international law, shipping, resources and the strategic presence of extra-regional powers.

Approach

India should pursue responsible science diplomacy through the Arctic Council, protect indigenous rights, uphold UNCLOS and avoid extractive policies that intensify ecological fragility.

Keywords: UPSC GS1; inclusive development; constitutional values.

Thus, Arctic engagement is not distant adventurism; it is a component of India’s climate resilience and rules-based global role.