Why is Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) needed? How does it help in navigation? (Answer in 150 words)

IRNSS, now called NavIC, is India’s regional satellite navigation constellation designed to provide independent position, navigation and timing services over India and the surrounding region.

Need

• It reduces strategic dependence on foreign systems whose access, accuracy or availability may be restricted.
• Indigenous timing and positioning support defence, disaster response, critical infrastructure and economic resilience.
• Regional design provides stronger coverage over India than distant global constellations.

Navigation applications

• Satellite signals enable precise location, velocity and time for land, air and maritime transport.
• Fishermen receive navigation and distress support; surveyors and farmers gain location services.
• Emergency services can track assets, coordinate rescue and disseminate warning information.
• Accurate timing benefits telecom networks, banking, power grids and synchronised systems.

Keywords: UPSC GS1; inclusive development; constitutional values.

NavIC thus combines technological sovereignty with civilian utility, provided receivers are interoperable and the constellation is continuously maintained.