UPSC Previous Year Question | Prelims GS | 2026

'X' was addressing a seminar on the meaning of the term 'law' as provided under Article 13, Part III of the Constitution of India. 'X' explained that the meaning of the term 'law' in the Constitution of India was very comprehensive. It included ordinances, orders and even rules and regulations. 'Y' pointed out that the term 'law' in Article 13 also included custom or usage having in the territory of India the force of law, to which 'X' was not convinced. Based on the above, select the correct conclusion from the options given below:

  1. 'X' is correct in the interpretation of law, including the view on non-inclusion of custom.
  2. The view of 'Y' that 'law' included custom is not correct.
  3. The views of both 'X' and 'Y' are correct.
  4. The view of only 'Y' is correct.

Answer

Correct Answer

The view of only 'Y' is correct.

Explanation

Article 13(3)(a) gives a comprehensive definition of 'law' for the purposes of Part III. It expressly includes an ordinance, order, bye-law, rule, regulation, notification, custom or usage having the force of law in India. Therefore, Y is correct in stating that such customs and usages are included. X's refusal to accept the inclusion of custom or usage is incorrect.

Topics: article 13, constitution, fundamental rights, polity